| Clonidine ER (Kapvay®) | ADHD | Central alpha2-adrenergic agonist | 6 to 17 | Sufficient | Wolraich, M. L., Hagan, J. F., Allan, C., Chan, E., Davison, D., Earls, M., Evans, S. W., Flinn, S. K., Froehlich, T., Frost, J., Holbrook, J. R., Lehmann, C. U., Lessin, H. R., Okechukwu, K., Pierce, K. L., Winner, J. D., & Zurhellen, W., & Subcommittee on Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactive Disorder. (2019). Clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents. Pediatrics, 144(4), e20192528. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2019-2528 |
| Prazosin (Minipress®) | PTSD and trauma-related hyperarousal and nightmares | Alpha-adrenergic receptor blockade | N/A | Insufficient | U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Department of Defense. (2017). VA/DoD clinical practice guideline for the management of posttraumatic stress disorder and acute stress disorder. https://www.healthquality.va.gov/guidelines/MH/ptsd/VADoDPTSDCPGFinal012418.pdf |
| Propranolol (Inderal®) | Autonomic hyperactivity related to anxiety | Beta blockade reduces the physical signs of anxiety (tremor, shaky voice) | N/A | Insufficient | Examples of off-label use: Sagar-Ouriaghli, I., Lievesley, K., & Santosh, P. J. (2018). Propranolol for treating emotional, behavioural, autonomic dysregulation in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 32(6), 641–653. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881118756245 |