| ANTICONVULSANT DRUG |
| Lamotrigine (Lamictal®)a |
Rash, abdominal pain, indigestion, nausea, vomiting, ataxia, dizziness, headache, somnolence, blurred vision |
Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, liver failure |
| ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS |
| Aripiprazole (Abilify®)b |
Constipation, nausea, vomiting, akathisia, dizziness, tremors, headache, insomnia, sedation, blurred vision, anxiety, restlessness |
Prolonged QT interval, diabetic ketoacidosis, seizures, dyskinesia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome |
| Quetiapine (Seroquel®c, Seroquel XR®b) |
Orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia, raised serum cholesterol levels, raised serum triglyceride levels, weight gain, constipation, increased appetite, xerostomia, sedation, dizziness, tremors |
Cardiac arrhythmia, syncope, seizures, dyskinesia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome |
| COMBINATION DRUGS |
| Chlordiazepoxide/amitriptyline (Limbitrol®)d |
Sweating, constipation, xerostomia, dizziness, sedation, blurred vision |
Cardiac dysrhythmia, suicidal thoughts |
| Fluoxetine/olanzapine (Symbyax®)e |
Orthostatic hypotension, peripheral edema, hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia, raised serum triglyceride levels, weight gain, increased appetite, xerostomia, sedation, tremor, blurred vision, sexual dysfunction |
Diabetic ketoacidosis, hyponatremia, dyskinesia, suicidal thoughts, neuroleptic malignant syndrome |
| Perphenazine/amitriptyline (Triavil®)d |
Weight gain, constipation, xerostomia, dizziness, sedation, blurred vision, decreased sweating, photosensitivity, akathisia, dyskinesia, dystonia, tremors, urinary retention |
Cardiac dysrhythmia, orthostatic hypotension, syncope, seizures, suicidal thoughts, heatstroke, neuroleptic malignant syndrome |
| MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS (MAOIs) |
| Isocarboxazid (Marplan®)
Phenelzine (Nardil®, Nardelzine®) |
Dizziness, sedation, headache, sleep disturbances, fatigue, weakness, tremor, movement problems, blurred vision, increased sweating, constipation, dry mouth, nausea, change in appetite, weight gain, sexual dysfunction, discontinuation symptoms, orthostatic hypotension (dosage related), syncope may develop at high dosages |
Hypertensive crisis (especially when MAOIs are used with certain tyramine-containing foods or drugs), induction of mania, rare activation of suicidal ideation and/or behavior, seizures, hepatotoxicity |
| Selegiline (Eldepryl®, EMSAM®) |
Oral: Nausea, dizziness, abdominal pain, dry mouth, headache, dyskinesia, confusion, hallucinations, vivid dreams, discontinuation symptoms
Transdermal: Application site reactions, headache, insomnia, diarrhea, dry mouth, discontinuation symptoms |
Oral: Hypertensive crisis (especially when MAOIs are used with certain tyramine-containing foods or drugs)
Both: Possible induction of mania and seizures, rare activation of suicidal ideation and/or behavior |
| Tranylcypromine (Parnate®) |
Agitation, anxiety, insomnia, weakness, sedation, dizziness, constipation, dry mouth, nausea, diarrhea, change in appetite, weight gain, sexual dysfunction, discontinuation symptoms, orthostatic hypotension (dosage related), syncope may develop at high dosages |
Hypertensive crisis (especially when MAOIs are used with certain tyramine-containing foods or drugs), induction of mania, rare activation of suicidal ideation and/or behavior, seizures, hepatotoxicity |
| NORADRENERGIC AND SPECIFIC SERTOTONERGIC ANTIDEPRESSANT (NaSSA) |
| Mirtazapine (Remeron®) |
Dry mouth, constipation, increased appetite, weight gain, sedation, dizziness, abnormal dreams, confusion, influenza-like symptoms, change in urinary function, hypotension |
Rare induction of mania, rare activation of suicidal ideation and/or behavior |
| NOREPINEPHRINE AND DOPAMINE REUPTAKE INHIBITOR (NDRI) |
| Bupropion (Aplenzin®, Forfivo XL®, Wellbutrin®, Wellbutrin SR®, Wellbutrin XL®, Zyban®) |
Dry mouth, constipation, nausea, diarrhea, weight loss, anorexia, myalgia, insomnia, dizziness, headache, agitation, anxiety, tremor, abdominal pain, tinnitus, sweating, rash, hypertension |
Rare seizures, hypomania (more likely in bipolar patients), rare induction of mania, rare activation of suicidal ideation and/or behavior |
| SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS (SSRIs) |
| Citalopram (Celexa®)
Escitalopram (Lexapro®)
Fluoxetine (Prozac®, Prozac® Weekly™)
Fluvoxamine (Luvox®)
Paroxetine (Paxil®, Paxil CR®)
Sertraline (Zoloft®) |
Sexual dysfunction, decreased appetite, nausea, diarrhea, constipation, dry mouth, insomnia, sedation, agitation, tremors, headache, dizziness, sweating, bruising and rare bleeding, discontinuation symptoms, rare hyponatremia, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion |
Rare induction of mania, rare activation of suicidal ideation and/or behavior, serotonin syndrome (increased incidence in individuals taking more than one antidepressant agent) |
| SEROTONIN AGONIST AND REUPTAKE INHIBITOR |
| Vilazodone (Viibryd™) |
Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, headaches, dizziness, dry mouth, fatigue, insomnia, sexual dysfunction, serotonin discontinuation syndrome, bruising and rare bleeding, rare hyponatremia, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion |
Rare induction of mania, rare activation of suicidal ideation and/or behavior, serotonin syndrome (increased incidence in individuals taking more than one antidepressant agent) |
| SEROTONIN ANTAGONIST AND REUPTAKE INHIBITORS (SARIs) |
| Nefazodone (Dutonin®, Serzone®) |
Nausea, dry mouth, constipation, dyspepsia, increased appetite, headache, dizziness, vision changes, sedation, insomnia, agitation, confusion, memory impairment, ataxia, paresthesia, asthenia, increased cough, rare postural hypotension |
Rare induction of mania, rare activation of suicidal ideation and/or behavior, rare priapism, hepatic failure requiring liver transplant and/or fatal |
| Trazodone (Desyrel®, Oleptro®) |
Nausea, vomiting, edema, blurred vision, constipation, dry mouth, dizziness, sedation, fatigue, headache, incoordination, tremor, hypotension, syncope, occasional sinus bradycardia (long term), rare rash |
Rare priapism, rare induction of mania, rare activation of suicidal ideation and/or behavior |
| SEROTONIN AND NOREPINEPHRINE REUPTAKE INHIBITORS (SNRIs) |
| Desvenlafaxine (Pristiq®) |
Nausea, insomnia, dry mouth, dizziness, sweating, nervousness, anorexia, constipation, asthenia, discontinuation symptoms, increased blood pressure |
Rare induction of hypomania, rare activation of suicidal ideation and/or behavior |
| Duloxetine (Cymbalta®) |
Nausea, diarrhea, decreased appetite, insomnia, sedation, sexual dysfunction, sweating, increase in blood pressure, discontinuation symptoms, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, hyponatremia |
Rare induction of hypomania, rare activation of suicidal ideation and/or behavior |
| Milnacipran (Savella®)f |
Increased blood pressure, increased heart rate, palpitations, sweating, hot flashes, constipation, nausea, vomiting, xerostomia, headache, sexual dysfunction |
Bleeding, serotonin syndrome, suicidal thoughts, discontinuation syndrome |
| Venlafaxine (Effexor®, Effexor XR®) |
Headache, nervousness, insomnia, sedation, nausea, diarrhea, decreased appetite, sexual dysfunction, asthenia, sweating, discontinuation symptoms, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, hyponatremia, dosage-dependent increase in blood pressure |
Rare induction of hypomania, rare activation of suicidal ideation and/or behavior |
| TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANTS (TCAs) |
| Amitriptyline (Elavil®)
Amoxapine (Asendin®)
Clomipramine (Anafranil®)
Desipramine (Norpramin®)
Doxepin (Sinequan®)
Imipramine (Tofranil®)
Maprotiline (Ludiomil®)
Nortriptyline (Pamelor®)
Protriptyline (Triptil®, Vivactil®)
Trimipramine (Surmontil®) |
Blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention, change in appetite, dry mouth, nausea, diarrhea, heartburn, unusual taste in mouth, weight change, fatigue, weakness, dizziness, sedation, headache, anxiety, nervousness, restlessness, sexual dysfunction, sweating, photosensitization, rash and itching, discontinuation symptoms, application site reactions (topical doxepin), possible extrapyramidal symptoms (amoxapine), possible akathisia (amoxapine), and possible tardive dyskinesia (amoxapine) |
Paralytic ileus, hyperthermia (TCAs/tetracyclics + anticholinergic agents), lowered seizure threshold and rare seizures, orthostatic hypotension, sudden death, arrhythmias, tachycardia, QTc prolongation, hepatic failure, increased intraocular pressure, rare induction of mania, rare activation of suicidal ideation and/or behavior |